Islam teaches that God created the angels from light.  In a saying of prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) we are told:

“The angels were created from light; the jinn (devils) were created from fire, and Adam was created from what you have been told in the Quran.”  (Aisha in Muslim, Volume 4, #7134)

As to what Adam (man) was created from, the Quran tells us man was fashioned from clay.  It says:

“God created all things in the best way and He began the creation of man from clay, and made his progeny from a quintessence of despised fluid.  But He fashioned him in due proportion, and breathed into him of His spirit.  And He gave you (the faculties of) hearing and sight and understanding.  Little thanks do you give!”  (Quran 32:7-9)

Angels carry out different functions.  There is an angel that is responsible for bringing revelation to the prophets, an angel of provision, angels for protection, recording angels, an angel of death, and so on.

To find out more read What are Angels? http://amzn.to/1oSfCzz